- What causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (D.M.D.)?
- What is D.M.D.?
- Who is affected by D.M.D.?
Broadened Questions:
- What causes males to inherit D.M.D.?
- How/why do choice females inherit D.M.D. as carriers?
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Annotated Bibliographies
#1.
Chamberlain, J. S., & Rando, T. A. (2006). Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Advances in therapeutics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Summary:
The book discusses what D.M.D. is and how it is inherited. Another discussion in the book explains that D.M.D. is an X chromosome related mutation, meaning that the females pass the mutation down to the sons. Also, the book covers topics related to clinical studies of treatment for D.M.D.
Assess:
The source might be useful in my proposal because it relates to my search on finding what causes D.M.D. The book is reliable because it comes with a list of references. The source seems to mainly be objective, but
might have subtle bias.
Reflect:
I may use this source for my project. However, other sources may present the information in more detail or with a better description so I will have to choose what sources are best for my proposal. The source was
helpful and it has not changed my view of the topic.
#2.
Emery, A. E. H. (2008). Muscular dystrophy (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Summary:
The book discusses the amount in individuals who have muscular dystrophy. The author claims that muscular dystrophy affectes all individuals no matter what race or society level. Also, the book claims that muscular
dystrophy is genetic so it cannot be recognized until the person is already affected.
Assess:
The source will be useful in looking at the amount of people with M.D. in the US. The book is a reliable source because the author has established credibility by being a professor of human genetics. The source seems to be mainly objective, but might have subtle bias.
Reflect:
I will use the source when talking about the number of people affected by M.D. and in discussing that the gene mutation goes unnoticed until the person is affected. The source appears to be credible due to the author's credentials so I will use the source. The source was helpful and it has not changed my view of the topic.
#3
Metules,T. (2002). Ducnhenne muscular dystrophy. RN Journal 65(10), 39-44.
Summary:
The article states that D.M.D. is the most diagnosed form of M.D. in children. The disease is dominantly in males and most die from respiratory failure. However, the disease has nothing to do with the respiratory system, it is a degerative muscle disease that wears away the muscle fibers.
Assess:
The source will be useful for looking at D.M.D. as a whole and not just M.D. The article is a reliable source because the author establishes credibility with having numerous resources. The source seems to be mainly
objective, but might have subtle bias.
Reflect:
I will deffinately use the source when talking about any subject dealing with D.M.D. The source has more information that will help than any other source. The source was helpful and it has not changed my view of the topic.
#4
Ohlendieck, K., Matsumura, K., Ionasescu, V. V., Towbin, J. A., Bosch, E. P., Weinstein,S. L., Sernett, S. W., & Campbell, K. P. (1993). Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Deficiency of dystrophin-associated proteins in sarcolemma. Neurology, 43(4), 1-6.
Summary:
The article indicates that D.M.D. is caused by the lack/absence of dystrophin which is found in the sarcolemma in skeletal muscle. People affected by D.M.D. are able to be affected by necrosis. Also, the article states that dystrophin is a "membrane cytoskeletal component of sarcolemma".
Assess:
The source will be usefull when talking about the lack of dystrophin in the body as the cause of D.M.D. The article is reliable because that authors establish credibility through their education and list of resources. The source seems to be mainly objective, but might have subtle bias.
Reflect:
I may use the source when talkinf about the absence of dystrophin in the body as the cause of D.M.D. The source has helpful information but is very broad and not concentrated on facts, more on an experiment. The source did not changed m view of the topic.
Don't forget the authority, accuracy, currency, and objectivity for each source.
ReplyDeleteWith that said, I think your two broadened questions will serve you best as main research questions. That's because they're focused and open-ended.
So, pick one of the broadened questions as your main research question, and then formulate a response to that question.
That's because the response to your main research question will become your working thesis.
It's a "working" thesis statement because the thesis statement should be changing and evolving as you do more research.
Your purpose for writing will be one of these three: Analyze, persuade, argue. You can start out with one purpose in mind and end the semester with another purpose in mind, but the purpose will still be one of these three.
Any other research questions you formulate will help you with your future writing. For example, the response to any of your sub-questions can be the topic sentence of a paragraph.
Also, give me a focused audience.
Post everything as a reply (or replies) here.
Never mind about the AACO. I see you've included the analysis in the assessment section of the annotated bibs.
ReplyDeleteExcellent! =)
The question I am choosing is: "What causes males to inherit D.M.D. and why do they have it more than females?".
ReplyDeleteAccording to Alan E. H. Emery in 2008, males inherit D.M.D. through the sex chromosome X. The gene of D.M.D. is passed through the X-chromosome which the mother passes onto her son. The sons and mother carriers lack the protein dystrophin; the cause of muscle destruction (D.M.D.'s main cause). The mother's who pass along the mutated X-chromosome are only carriers and due to the fact that they are female that females have two X-chromosomes they do not have D.M.D. The second X-chromosome in a woman that is not affected is the chromosome that displays all of the woman's traits. However, when a woman passes down an X-chromosome to her son there is a chance that she can pass down the X-chromosome (males have XY chromosomes). Meaning, that the X of the male would be the dominant trait to show; he would have D.M.D. Females are only carriers because they do not show the X-chromosome traits; which is why males have a higher number of D.M.D. patients than females do (in some cases women do have D.M.D.).
My purpose is to analyze D.M.D. for the audience of D.M.D. patients, caregivers, family, and friends of D.M.D. patients, and researchers who analyze D.M.D.
This is all outstanding, but I need you to do one more thing.
ReplyDeleteI need you to compose a response that is one or two brief sentences in length.
That's because you need to be as focused as possible.
I think your purpose is indeed analysis, which we'll talk about more tomorrow.
So, all I need from you is the revised thesis.
Almost there! Post as a reply here.
According to Alan E. H. Emery in 2008, a male inherits D.M.D. due to the fact that males inherit the mutated X-chromosome from their mother. The mother are the carriers of D.M.D. because they do not necessarily need to X chromosome but the males do.
ReplyDeleteThesis:
Males are affected by D.M.D. due to the fact that they inherit the X-chromosome from their mother who is the carrier.
DONE!
ReplyDeleteNice work, Courtney. You're finished with this blog, and off to a very, very, strong start.